When I was a teenager my Father bought me a 1957 Chevrolet. It came with a good motor and I really liked the car but after a while we decided it needed a little more oomph. Dad thought about different things we could do. Finally, he went to a junk yard and bought an almost brand new motor out of a wrecked Corvette. We pulled the old motor out and put the new one in. Boy, we were happy with the new performance.
There were a number of things we could have done to hop-up that old Chevrolet but we went the new motor route. It had much more horsepower and a lot of things that made the motor really hum. I told you that to lead into what can be done to boost your old computer you think is a little too slow.
Back to the Chevrolet, we could have replaced the cam shaft with a high lift cam and installed much larger valves with stronger springs, port and polished the exhaust and maybe even blue printed the engine. It possibly would have been faster and stronger than the new Corvette engine. A computer you are getting tired of is much the same. There are things you can do to make it come alive and have that special feeling you may think is lost.
Right now I have an HP Pavilion a6237c with an AMD Athlon™ 64 x2 dual core 5000 processor running at 2.60 GHz. I am thinking it is too slow. When I first bought this computer I thought it was really fast but with time it seemed to get slower and slower. I have to admit, not all of this slowness is the fault of the computer but due to the many applications I have added to the system. Every time you add a new application, the vendor has this feeling their product is so important it must be attached to the start up menu. So guess what, every time you boot your computer, it loads all of the applications you have added to the already too long list.
You could do what my Dad and I did with the Chevrolet and replace the motor (Processor CPU), but there are many things you must consider if you go that route. Another idea could be to simply overclock or over throttle the CPU and make a few other changes to your system. There are things you must consider before overclocking. Number one is that this can very easily damage your computer motherboard and the processor itself. Still, this procedure is done all the time by computer geeks and they get away with it. Does their computer last as long as it would have? Probably, but you need to use care in the process. Look at the numbers for a moment to understand what I am talking about. Above I told you my HP computer’s processor was running at 2.60 GHz, now just what does that mean? That means the speed of my processor is 2,600,000 beats per second. Yes, that was per second and the first number was million. If I overclock my processor I probably can get away with increasing it to 2.7 or maybe 2.8 without doing harm if I use other precautions. That may seem like a very small amount of increase but consider what this small numerical increase really is. It would indicate an increase of 100,000 to 200,000 beats per second. Now that number doesn’t seem so small does it? If I overclock a major concern is heat. The processor usually has a fan attached right on top of the processor and it is designed for that processor running at the speed designed for. If I overclock, it may run hotter. Newer computers guard against overheating by down throttling when the temperature goes to high, but sometimes this protection must be turned on. This involves checking the settings in CMOS to be sure automatic throttling has been enabled. If it has not, then you should turn this setting on. To get into your CMOS on most computers simply reboot. While the computer is in the process of rebooting, press a key on the keyboard (sometimes F8 or F10). That will probably put you into another screen asking you for directions. From there you can get into your CMOS. On some computers you will need to press the delete key and on others it may be some different key.
One processor famous for heat damage is the AMD AthlonXP™. Some geeks will increase the voltages in the overclocking process and this can cause heat problems. There are basically two ways to increase the speed of the processor: one is to increase the multiplier and the other is the speed of the front side bus (FSB). I have not discussed either of these two terms but if you Google them there are many articles which simplify their explanation. An effective overclocking will usually involve some small, and I emphasize small, voltage changes. These changes should only be in the range of .05 to .1. Most modern processor will not allow changing the multiplier so that leaves one method and that is to change the speed of the front side bus.
The simplest way to overclock your system is through the BIOS if your BIOS will allow you to make the needed changes. Unfortunately, my AMD Athlon 64 x2 5000 is locked and does not allow these changes. My option is to change the CPU. AMD CPU’s are mostly locked; however, the Black Edition is unlocked and you can make the changes from the BIOS, and it is a simple process of changing the multiplier. Let me show you an example. The formula for these changes is multiply the bus speed by the multiplier to get the core speed. On my computer the actual bus speed fluctuates between 200.1 and 200.9. If you multiply this by 13 (the multiplier) the answer is about 2612 MHz. On my computer since the bus speed changes slightly, the actual core speed changes as well. If you have a CPU-Z gauge you can watch these changes in real time. If I buy and install a Black Edition CPU that has an unlocked multiplier it is a simple matter of changing the multiplier. Just don’t make large changes, and be sure to keep a close track of the temperature of your computer. I will show you a couple of formula changes and you can see the difference it would actually make: 200 x 13 = 2600 or 2.60 GHz, 200 x 13.5 = 2700 or 2.70 and 200 x 14 would give you 2800 or 2.80. You should be able to achieve a core speed of 3.0 easily enough.
I hope this has been an enjoyable blog for you. It certainly has been a learning experience for me because I had assumed I could just open the BIOS change the multiplier and overclock my computer. It took a lot of research to find that would not work on my AMD processor.
Kermit
Saturday, January 30, 2010
Saturday, January 23, 2010
PARTS INSIDE YOUR COMPUTER
A LOOK AT PARTS INSIDE YOUR COMPUTER
There are all kinds of parts inside your computer. At first view it may look like a jumbled mess of unknowns. For today’s blog I am going to look at a few of those components. While you may plug your power cord into a 110 volt power socket on the wall, your computer uses different voltages, wattages, and in some cases changes from normal AC electric to DC current. Current here in the USA oscillates at 60 times per second (referred to as 60 hertz or HTZ) and is an alternating current thus the term AC. This term literally means the current flows in both directions. When it is inbound it is a positive current but when it reverses it is a negative current. When the electricity is traveling from the substation to your home the Utility Company has decreased the current and increased the voltage so the electricity will flow a much greater distance. When it reaches your house, travels to the outlets and into your computer it has been stabilized by doing just the opposite. The current increases and the voltage decreases. This change is made just outside your house inside a transformer.
The power supply inside your computer is both a transformer and a rectifier. Your computer uses various voltages including 3.3, 5, and 12 volts and it is no longer alternating but is direct current or (DC). This explains why the power supply is both a transformer and a rectifier; a rectifier changes the current supply to DC by the use of diodes. Not so with your monitor, it still requires 110 volts of electricity; however, it is converted to DC. A main difference between AC and DC current is DC only flows in one direction. This only covers a small explanation of electricity but may give you a little more understanding of the importance of your power supply acting as both a transformer and rectifier. While looking inside your computer you will see the mother board and cards as well as other items attached to the mother board. On the mother board and cards you may also see transistors, capacitors, resistors, and diodes. A transistor acts as a switch and can amplify the electricity flowing in the circuit. A capacitor is a device that holds a charge and causes the flow of electricity to be more even. A diode only allows electricity to flow in one direction, and the resistor limits current. The color code on the resistor informs you of the amount of resistance it provides. If you would like to learn more about electrical circuits, I found this site on the web after I had written all of the above. http://www.allaboutcircuits.com. I liked what I saw on his site.
The power supply is the most important component in your computer’s electrical system. The job of the power supply is to change voltage in your computer to a manageable level by converting it to a lower level of DC voltage. Every component within your computer receives it power from the power supply, including but not limited to, the motherboard and Central Processing Unit (CPU). There may also be connections on the motherboard itself to power more systems or components. I read in another location the motherboard is the most important component inside your computer; however, without the power supply, the motherboard is inoperable so I will agree with the above statement, the power supply is the most important component in your computer.
Different computers come with different sizes of power supplies. (Click on Tiger Direct above and look at different computers) A power supply can have two basic problems. First it may itself be defective, and second it may not be large enough to supply all the power needed for your computer. This can be especially true if you have upgraded by adding additional systems like graphic boards or maybe a video card. If you are experiencing hang, reboot, system errors, and in some cases your computer not booting at all, a first look should be at the power supply. An expansion card within your system that is defective may be drawing too much power and causing your problems. A quick check to determine if any of these are causing your problems is to simply remove nonessential boards one at a time and try your computer to see if the problem goes away. If in fact a too small power supply is your problem the solution is to replace with a larger one. Unless you are very capable working within the case, I suggest you have a computer repair shop in your area make this change. They can measure the current supply with meters and testers to determine if your power supply is providing the correct voltage.
I didn’t go into great detail because that is not the intention of this blog. My intent is whetting your desire to know more. If it has done this I am happy. Check back often and thanks for looking.
Kermit
There are all kinds of parts inside your computer. At first view it may look like a jumbled mess of unknowns. For today’s blog I am going to look at a few of those components. While you may plug your power cord into a 110 volt power socket on the wall, your computer uses different voltages, wattages, and in some cases changes from normal AC electric to DC current. Current here in the USA oscillates at 60 times per second (referred to as 60 hertz or HTZ) and is an alternating current thus the term AC. This term literally means the current flows in both directions. When it is inbound it is a positive current but when it reverses it is a negative current. When the electricity is traveling from the substation to your home the Utility Company has decreased the current and increased the voltage so the electricity will flow a much greater distance. When it reaches your house, travels to the outlets and into your computer it has been stabilized by doing just the opposite. The current increases and the voltage decreases. This change is made just outside your house inside a transformer.
The power supply inside your computer is both a transformer and a rectifier. Your computer uses various voltages including 3.3, 5, and 12 volts and it is no longer alternating but is direct current or (DC). This explains why the power supply is both a transformer and a rectifier; a rectifier changes the current supply to DC by the use of diodes. Not so with your monitor, it still requires 110 volts of electricity; however, it is converted to DC. A main difference between AC and DC current is DC only flows in one direction. This only covers a small explanation of electricity but may give you a little more understanding of the importance of your power supply acting as both a transformer and rectifier. While looking inside your computer you will see the mother board and cards as well as other items attached to the mother board. On the mother board and cards you may also see transistors, capacitors, resistors, and diodes. A transistor acts as a switch and can amplify the electricity flowing in the circuit. A capacitor is a device that holds a charge and causes the flow of electricity to be more even. A diode only allows electricity to flow in one direction, and the resistor limits current. The color code on the resistor informs you of the amount of resistance it provides. If you would like to learn more about electrical circuits, I found this site on the web after I had written all of the above. http://www.allaboutcircuits.com. I liked what I saw on his site.
The power supply is the most important component in your computer’s electrical system. The job of the power supply is to change voltage in your computer to a manageable level by converting it to a lower level of DC voltage. Every component within your computer receives it power from the power supply, including but not limited to, the motherboard and Central Processing Unit (CPU). There may also be connections on the motherboard itself to power more systems or components. I read in another location the motherboard is the most important component inside your computer; however, without the power supply, the motherboard is inoperable so I will agree with the above statement, the power supply is the most important component in your computer.
Different computers come with different sizes of power supplies. (Click on Tiger Direct above and look at different computers) A power supply can have two basic problems. First it may itself be defective, and second it may not be large enough to supply all the power needed for your computer. This can be especially true if you have upgraded by adding additional systems like graphic boards or maybe a video card. If you are experiencing hang, reboot, system errors, and in some cases your computer not booting at all, a first look should be at the power supply. An expansion card within your system that is defective may be drawing too much power and causing your problems. A quick check to determine if any of these are causing your problems is to simply remove nonessential boards one at a time and try your computer to see if the problem goes away. If in fact a too small power supply is your problem the solution is to replace with a larger one. Unless you are very capable working within the case, I suggest you have a computer repair shop in your area make this change. They can measure the current supply with meters and testers to determine if your power supply is providing the correct voltage.
I didn’t go into great detail because that is not the intention of this blog. My intent is whetting your desire to know more. If it has done this I am happy. Check back often and thanks for looking.
Kermit
Thursday, January 21, 2010
A SHORT LOOK AT MEMORY
A SHORT LOOK AT MEMORY
Let’s take a short look at memory on your computer. When asking about memory most people may think about the size of storage on your computer, for instance what size is the hard drive? Actually the size of your hard drive doesn’t have much relationship to your memory. When asked about the memory on your computer the reference is to the memory modules installed in the memory slots on the motherboard. These modules usually install in the PCI slots. There are two things to keep in mind about this memory. One is “Form Factor” and the other is the type of modules installed, and they must match.
On XP and Vista operating systems you can find out how much memory your computer has installed by clicking on the “Start” button then on “My Computer” or Vista’s just Computer. From there right click anywhere within the window that will open. Next, click on “Properties.” The information here will tell what operating system is on your computer, who the manufacturer is, the processor that is installed, how much memory you have, rather you are using a 32 bit or 64 bit system (older computers may have 16 bit), and the product ID for your windows operating system.
I am not going to get into Form Factor because it would take several pages just to write about this subject. Unless you are into building or going to replace internal parts it is not something needed just for normal use. The easiest way I have found to learn about my computer, the memory installed, and what kind of memory to purchase to upgrade is go to a source that sells the memory. Two sources that make searching for memory use easy are www.crucial.com and www.kingston.com. My reason is they provide a download, then scan your computer after which they will tell you how much memory you have and how much you can increase. The memory modules they ship are guaranteed will be the correct ones for your system. If you know what memory you need and how many modules, then you can also shop at “Tiger Direct.” You will find a direct link from this site, and after you know what modules you need; it very well may be cheaper from Tiger Direct. I prefer ordering from them. For best performance use the most memory your system will support.
Let me provide a short reason for adding memory. When you boot your computer and the operating system is loaded it will be transferred from a storage location to the memory on your computer. As you work with applications, more is placed in the memory sections of your computer. If you don’t have enough memory, you have to wait while the windows application searches through the hard drive to find what it needs. If you have enough memory installed the search is much shorter because this location is much faster than searching through the hard drive. When purchasing a new computer it is unlikely the manufacturer will have installed the maximum amount of memory.
Be sure to make your purchase from a reputable supplier because if your memory modules are of poor quality they will most likely adversely affect your computer and causing system errors and instability. Some suppliers may deliver used modules. When your memory modules arrive look for the manufacturers date stamp stamped on the chip itself. The date will be shown as year and week. It will be in this form, YYWW with the Y representing the year and the WW showing the week of the year. An example would be 0952 representing the 52nd week of 2009. If it has an older date stamp I would question whether it is a used chip. Take a good look at the edge of the chip for a reflective and polished, protective coating appearing on new chips.
I hope this article was helpful, add your comments or email questions and suggestions.
Kermit
Let’s take a short look at memory on your computer. When asking about memory most people may think about the size of storage on your computer, for instance what size is the hard drive? Actually the size of your hard drive doesn’t have much relationship to your memory. When asked about the memory on your computer the reference is to the memory modules installed in the memory slots on the motherboard. These modules usually install in the PCI slots. There are two things to keep in mind about this memory. One is “Form Factor” and the other is the type of modules installed, and they must match.
On XP and Vista operating systems you can find out how much memory your computer has installed by clicking on the “Start” button then on “My Computer” or Vista’s just Computer. From there right click anywhere within the window that will open. Next, click on “Properties.” The information here will tell what operating system is on your computer, who the manufacturer is, the processor that is installed, how much memory you have, rather you are using a 32 bit or 64 bit system (older computers may have 16 bit), and the product ID for your windows operating system.
I am not going to get into Form Factor because it would take several pages just to write about this subject. Unless you are into building or going to replace internal parts it is not something needed just for normal use. The easiest way I have found to learn about my computer, the memory installed, and what kind of memory to purchase to upgrade is go to a source that sells the memory. Two sources that make searching for memory use easy are www.crucial.com and www.kingston.com. My reason is they provide a download, then scan your computer after which they will tell you how much memory you have and how much you can increase. The memory modules they ship are guaranteed will be the correct ones for your system. If you know what memory you need and how many modules, then you can also shop at “Tiger Direct.” You will find a direct link from this site, and after you know what modules you need; it very well may be cheaper from Tiger Direct. I prefer ordering from them. For best performance use the most memory your system will support.
Let me provide a short reason for adding memory. When you boot your computer and the operating system is loaded it will be transferred from a storage location to the memory on your computer. As you work with applications, more is placed in the memory sections of your computer. If you don’t have enough memory, you have to wait while the windows application searches through the hard drive to find what it needs. If you have enough memory installed the search is much shorter because this location is much faster than searching through the hard drive. When purchasing a new computer it is unlikely the manufacturer will have installed the maximum amount of memory.
Be sure to make your purchase from a reputable supplier because if your memory modules are of poor quality they will most likely adversely affect your computer and causing system errors and instability. Some suppliers may deliver used modules. When your memory modules arrive look for the manufacturers date stamp stamped on the chip itself. The date will be shown as year and week. It will be in this form, YYWW with the Y representing the year and the WW showing the week of the year. An example would be 0952 representing the 52nd week of 2009. If it has an older date stamp I would question whether it is a used chip. Take a good look at the edge of the chip for a reflective and polished, protective coating appearing on new chips.
I hope this article was helpful, add your comments or email questions and suggestions.
Kermit
Monday, January 18, 2010
BOOT INTO SAFE MODE
BOOT TO SAFE MODE
Most computers will boot to save mode by pressing F8 when Windows starts to load. When the advanced menu appears you will have choices of how to boot your computer. Choose “Safe Mode.” Allow your computer to boot in Safe Mode, and if you have purchased Norton or McAfee insert their software disk then hit enter. At this point the menu should give choices, choose install the software. Even though you are booting in Safe Mode you will still be given choices so choose to register your software. When the software has been installed, run a scan of your computer to find hidden viruses. As I explained in the earlier blog, you will not be able to access the internet at this time; however, when you reboot later you will be able to complete the registration and download all updates for your anti-virus software. Complete the updates and rerun the software searching for more viruses hidden in your computer.
When the software completes its scan it should display a window showing any unwanted programs it has found. Sometimes there will be programs you purposely downloaded and may want to keep, but your anti-virus program recognizes the program as potentially dangerous. My choice would be to delete the program. In most cases your software will be better informed than you. My wife and I personally have a website we visit but every time we go to that site it has a pop under for Netflix. To eliminate this problem I downloaded Mozilla Firefox browser and then downloaded an add-on to the program. Now we are no longer bothered with this pop under. The web site is a very popular news station.
Sometimes your anti-virus software may not be able to remove a virus program or it may leave portions behind. When this happens it may leave a message on your screen about some type of error. Unless you are a power user this can be hard to repair or remove. In this case you will have to click on the start button and depending on your operating system get into “msconfig” and into the registry. I am not going to explain this because my blog is not intended for power users. If you are a power user you will already know where to go from here. I don’t want to take a chance on you messing up your computer by changing things when you do not know how. You should also run disk cleanup to delete temporary internet files. When finished, don’t forget to empty the recycle bin.
I am going to insert one location for power users. Be sure you really know what you are doing before using this web but if you are a true power user it can be very useful. The site is: www.sysinternals.com. This site will display your registry locations. If you have deleted viruses and parts of the programs have been left in the registry, this site will show you where they are. I will caution you again to not use this program unless you are a power user because when you start removing things from the registry you can end with a computer that will not work or boot.
Most computers will boot to save mode by pressing F8 when Windows starts to load. When the advanced menu appears you will have choices of how to boot your computer. Choose “Safe Mode.” Allow your computer to boot in Safe Mode, and if you have purchased Norton or McAfee insert their software disk then hit enter. At this point the menu should give choices, choose install the software. Even though you are booting in Safe Mode you will still be given choices so choose to register your software. When the software has been installed, run a scan of your computer to find hidden viruses. As I explained in the earlier blog, you will not be able to access the internet at this time; however, when you reboot later you will be able to complete the registration and download all updates for your anti-virus software. Complete the updates and rerun the software searching for more viruses hidden in your computer.
When the software completes its scan it should display a window showing any unwanted programs it has found. Sometimes there will be programs you purposely downloaded and may want to keep, but your anti-virus program recognizes the program as potentially dangerous. My choice would be to delete the program. In most cases your software will be better informed than you. My wife and I personally have a website we visit but every time we go to that site it has a pop under for Netflix. To eliminate this problem I downloaded Mozilla Firefox browser and then downloaded an add-on to the program. Now we are no longer bothered with this pop under. The web site is a very popular news station.
Sometimes your anti-virus software may not be able to remove a virus program or it may leave portions behind. When this happens it may leave a message on your screen about some type of error. Unless you are a power user this can be hard to repair or remove. In this case you will have to click on the start button and depending on your operating system get into “msconfig” and into the registry. I am not going to explain this because my blog is not intended for power users. If you are a power user you will already know where to go from here. I don’t want to take a chance on you messing up your computer by changing things when you do not know how. You should also run disk cleanup to delete temporary internet files. When finished, don’t forget to empty the recycle bin.
I am going to insert one location for power users. Be sure you really know what you are doing before using this web but if you are a true power user it can be very useful. The site is: www.sysinternals.com. This site will display your registry locations. If you have deleted viruses and parts of the programs have been left in the registry, this site will show you where they are. I will caution you again to not use this program unless you are a power user because when you start removing things from the registry you can end with a computer that will not work or boot.
Sunday, January 17, 2010
IS YOUR COMPUTER RUNNING SLOW?
IS YOUR COMPUTER RUNNING WAY TOOO SLLOOOOW?
Is your computer running slow? Does it seem like you are on a dial-up even though you are using DSL? Many times this is caused by either a viruses or spy-ware cluttering up your computer. There are many ways our computers become infested with things we do not want on our machines but a primary way is when we visit web pages that are infected. Another method is through the emails we receive.
We all hear these things but still take our chances sometimes visiting sites that we should not. Often email will have a link included, and when we click on that link suddenly our computer is infected. If you are not a computer tech, your only clue may be that your computer begins to be slower and slower. It can even reach the point of crashing because of these contamination.
DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN VIRUS AND SPY-WARE
One main problem with a virus is that it replicates and attaches itself to other programs on the computer. A virus is a computer program. It could be in the form of an "application" or sent to your computer in a document. I have seen viruses replicate themselves so rapidly that before you could delete it from one place it had already contaminated the computer in another. I remember at least one such incident recently which resulted in having to reformat the hard drive and reload all programs including the operating system. This becomes an expensive and time consuming process.
Spyware is also software that installs itself on your computer. The purpose of spyware is to do just what its name implies, "spy" on you. At some point it will send this information to someone else. Spy-ware purpose is to tell someone else what web sites you visit and items you may be interested in. There are several ways we get spy-ware on our computers but most will come from email attachments and such programs.
When a virus attacks your computer it will hide from you, and it is quiet efficient at this task. There are several different kinds of viruses. Each one will hide in a different manner and attack different parts of your computer. Some viruses hide on the hard drive or a floppy disk or they may be within the main Master Boot Record of your system. A lot will be within a document which hides an executable file. Another type is a script virus. When you go to a web site and click on a link, suddenly you are infected.
Not only is the virus trying to hide from you, but it also must camouflage its location from your anti-virus software. In dislodging viruses I believe it is best to boot your computer in "safe mode", and work from an anti-virus program located on CD. The disadvantage of working from the CD is you will not have the latest updates for the program, but you are also not being exposed to further attacks from the internet while you are working. When you load your anti-virus software into your computer remember to register the program as soon as you are back on the internet, update the program and run the anti-virus software again. You may wonder what program to use. I have found several "free" programs I believe are much better than the ones you pay for. Stay tuned for updates.
Look back often for new posts.
Kermit
Is your computer running slow? Does it seem like you are on a dial-up even though you are using DSL? Many times this is caused by either a viruses or spy-ware cluttering up your computer. There are many ways our computers become infested with things we do not want on our machines but a primary way is when we visit web pages that are infected. Another method is through the emails we receive.
We all hear these things but still take our chances sometimes visiting sites that we should not. Often email will have a link included, and when we click on that link suddenly our computer is infected. If you are not a computer tech, your only clue may be that your computer begins to be slower and slower. It can even reach the point of crashing because of these contamination.
DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN VIRUS AND SPY-WARE
One main problem with a virus is that it replicates and attaches itself to other programs on the computer. A virus is a computer program. It could be in the form of an "application" or sent to your computer in a document. I have seen viruses replicate themselves so rapidly that before you could delete it from one place it had already contaminated the computer in another. I remember at least one such incident recently which resulted in having to reformat the hard drive and reload all programs including the operating system. This becomes an expensive and time consuming process.
Spyware is also software that installs itself on your computer. The purpose of spyware is to do just what its name implies, "spy" on you. At some point it will send this information to someone else. Spy-ware purpose is to tell someone else what web sites you visit and items you may be interested in. There are several ways we get spy-ware on our computers but most will come from email attachments and such programs.
When a virus attacks your computer it will hide from you, and it is quiet efficient at this task. There are several different kinds of viruses. Each one will hide in a different manner and attack different parts of your computer. Some viruses hide on the hard drive or a floppy disk or they may be within the main Master Boot Record of your system. A lot will be within a document which hides an executable file. Another type is a script virus. When you go to a web site and click on a link, suddenly you are infected.
Not only is the virus trying to hide from you, but it also must camouflage its location from your anti-virus software. In dislodging viruses I believe it is best to boot your computer in "safe mode", and work from an anti-virus program located on CD. The disadvantage of working from the CD is you will not have the latest updates for the program, but you are also not being exposed to further attacks from the internet while you are working. When you load your anti-virus software into your computer remember to register the program as soon as you are back on the internet, update the program and run the anti-virus software again. You may wonder what program to use. I have found several "free" programs I believe are much better than the ones you pay for. Stay tuned for updates.
Look back often for new posts.
Kermit
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